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Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical technique in which electrodes are implanted into patient's brain. Although, patients have to undergo an invasive surgery, it is growing field of neurosurgery. DBS proved to be cost-effective in a treatment of certain severe neurological diseases as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia<ref name="Unlocking Pain">GOSSET, Nathalie, DIETZ, Nicholas. IEEE Pulse [online]. Unlocking Pain: Deep brain stimulation might be the key to easing depression and chronic pain. 2015, Mar 15. Available online at: http://pulse.embs.org/march-2015/unlocking-pain/ (Retrieved 13th April, 2017).</ref> or epilepsy <ref>U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Grants Premarket Approval (PMA) for the NeuroPace® RNS® System to treat Medically Refractory Epilepsy. NeuroPace, Inc. [online]. 2013, Nov. Available online at: http://www.neuropace.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/NeuroPace_Press_Release_PMA_Approval_2013-11-14.pdf (Retrieved 13th April, 2017).</ref>. The treatment of other neurological and psychiatric diseases as OCD, depression or chronic pain, is examined intensively.<ref name="Unlocking Pain"/>
DBS is not a cure. None of the diseases to which is used are curable at the moment. It could however, eliminate symptoms of the diseases, which negatively affected the lives of the patients.<ref>U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA approves brain implant to help reduce Parkinson’s disease and essential tremor symptoms. U.S. Food and Drug Administration [online]. 2015, Jun 12. Available online at: https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451152.htm (Retrieved 6th April, 2017).</ref> DBS is used in medical devices, which are on prescription, the use for cognitive enhancement is highly limited. However, certain cases of possible cognitive enhancement were also reported.<ref>HAMANI, Clement. et al. Memory enhancement induced by hypothalamic/fornix deep brain stimulation. Annals of Neurology, 2008, 63(1), 119–123. Doi: 10.1002/ana.21295 Available online at: http://ve5kj6kj8s.scholar.serialssolutions.com/?sid=google&auinit=C&aulast=Hamani&atitle=Memory+enhancement+induced+by+hypothalamic/fornix+deep+brain+stimulation&id=doi:10.1002/ana.21295&title=Annals+of+neurology&volume=63&issue=1&date=2008&spage=119&issn=0364-5134 (Retrieved 13th April, 2017).</ref> <ref>DANCE, Amber. Deep-Brain Stimulation: An Electrode for All Occasions?. Alzforum [online]. 2010, May 25. Available online at: http://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/deep-brain-stimulation-electrode-all-occasions (Retrieved 13th April, 2017).</ref>
== Main Characteristics ==
