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Quell is wearable device developed in purpose to provide palliative treatment for people suffering from chronical chronic pain. Quell is commercially available, ; thus customers don't do not need any a prescription from a their doctor. In At present, it is the only palliative wearable, which that is approved by FDA to be used during sleep. Quell wearable is presented by with two technological improvements, which is are OptiTherapy™ electrode electrodes and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), a method allowing sending that sends electrical pulses into afferent nerves through the skin. The technologie technology of TENS is not new, but it was developed on knowledge about possibility to heal with electricity, which was described already previously in the 18th century.<ref name="johnson14">Johnson, Mark I., Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS): Research to support clinical practice, Oxford University Press, 2014</ref> The Quell device was constructed in the beginning of 21th the 21st century, basis on the basis knowledge of knowledge about TENS.<ref name="science-behind-quell.pdf">Science Behind Quell™ Wearable Pain Relief Technology for Treatment of Chronic Pain: https://www.quellrelief.com/files/science-behind-quell.pdf, (Retrieved Dec 15, 2015)</ref> its technology, marketing strategies , and usefulness, regarding for human enhancement and therapy.  <!-- Very brief description of the technology. This section should contain the main information about the subject. It's good to leave this bit as the last one and use the information provided in greater detail in later sections.-->

The basic product a customer can buy, called the Quell wearable pain relief Wearable Pain Relief - starter kitStarter Kit<ref>Quell wearable pain relief, starter kit, online shop webpage: https://store.quellrelief.com/products/quell-wearable-pain-relief</ref>, includes one piece of a Quell device, adjustable sports band, charger cable, and charger adapter, and two 2 electrodes (the company claims this is a one -month supply). Manual A manual is available to download in the [https://www.quellrelief.com/quell-user Quell-user category], in both English, and Spanish languageSpanis.

User Users have to buy additional accessories in addition like a travel bag, spare cables, charger adapter, and sports band.<ref>Quell, Accessories, Online shop webpage: https://store.quellrelief.com/collections/accessories</ref>. And Users have to also buy two electrodes, user has to buy regularly, and which that are currently available in two kinds of packages: one package of two electrodes for 29.95$USD, or three packages of two electrodes for 89.85$USD<ref>Quell, Electrodes, Online shop webpage: https://store.quellrelief.com/collections/electrodes</ref>.

[[File:Quell-components.jpg|thumbnail|A) (A ) a therapy pod, (B) An electrode array, (C) A Bandband, and (D) An example of usage on upper calf, place of effect<ref name="science-behind-quell.pdf"/>]]

Regardless of which part of body is in pain, Quell is always placed on the upper calf (no matter which sideon either leg). The reason is that there There is better contact with nerves, on which are this area of the body that send impulses sent to part parts of the brainstem. After the devices device is fastened around the calf, user needs users only need to press the button on it. The starter kit has inbuilt a built-in accelerometer which that allows calibration of electrical intensity according to the user's body, manually regulating ; manual regulation is not needed.

For easier control , it is possible to download the Quell application for iOS<ref>Quell relief application available to download: https://itunes.apple.com/app/quell-relief/id972079954</ref> or Android<ref>Quell relief application available to download on GooglePlay: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.neurometrix.quell</ref>. Company The company also offers also [https://www.quellrelief.com/quell-user registration] of individual user's device, which devices; this will allow company databasis to collect measured data about user and treatment process and create a database (this registration is optional, though).

Mechanism The mechanism of the treatment lies in the following process: in electrode that stimulates electrodes stimulate clusters of afferent senzoric sensory nerves , and this triggers the inhibition of pain in the brainstem. Inhibition comes up due to cascade neurotransmitter release. This descending process starts in the periaqueductal gray grey matter, continuing to the medulla and then into the spinal cord (its dorsal horn).<ref>Introducing Quell™, a 100% drug free technology proven to fight pain: https://www.quellrelief.com/files/Quell%20HCP%201%20page%20(3).pdf</ref> Within-bodyBody-produced opioids, - enkephalins, causes -cause inhibition of pain signal transmission, while activate activating δ-opioid receptors. The described process is the core of the reason why it this treatment is cleared as 100% drug -free. More A more detailed description regarding TENS technology (not Quell in particular) is available in Johnson's book Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation.<ref name="johnson14" />

Company The company also claims, that Quell is twice as twice stronger strong as previous TENS pain relieving products; thus, thus it doesn't does not have to be used locally, but only on an the upper calf.<ref>NeuroMetrix Investor statement: http://investor.neurometrix.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=923300, December 15, 2015</ref>

[[File:Quell principle.jpeg|thumbnail| Official webpage depictures depicting the process of how pain is blocked in the medulla.<ref>Introducing Quell, a 100% drug free technology proven to fight pain: https://www.quellrelief.com/files/Quell%20HCP%201%20page%20(3).pdf</ref>]]

Quell wearable is a device designated for the treatment of chronic pain, nerve deseases disease and disrupted sleep.<ref name="company-overview">Neurometrix, Company overview: http://www.neurometrix.com/about-neurometrix/company-overview.html, (Retrieved Dec 15, 2015)</ref> It works on the principle of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, which that causes the release of endogenous opiates affecting pain relief.