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Neurometrix is a company directed on at developing healthhealthcare-care wearable technology with a main effort focus on sleep disorders, chronical chronic pain, and nerve deseases diseases treatment. The company, having a seat in located Waltham Massachusetts, was founded in 1996 as a spinoff of the Harvard-MIT partition of Health Sciences and Technology.<ref name="company-overview"/><ref>NeuroMetrix Launches Quell™ Wearable Pain Relief Technology: http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150615005489/en/</ref>

Currently , Neurometrix offers four products in total:<ref name="company-overview"/>

* Quell™ - : Wearable device for palliative purposepurposes

* SENSUS® - : Therapy device available on by prescription. It is based on TENS technology also for drug-free pain relief without any drug usage.

* DPNCheck® - : Nerve conduction test for evaluating systemic neuropathies such as diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), its detection , and monitoring.

* ADVANCE™ NCS System - apparatus : Apparatus meant to assessing assess neuropathy diagnosis.

Directors of Neurometrixinclude:<ref>Neurometrix, Board of directors: http://www.neurometrix.com/about-neurometrix/board-of-directors.html</ref>:

* Shai N. Gozani, M.D.MD, Ph.D.PhD

* Allen Hinkle, M.D.MD

* David E. Goodman, M.D MD

* 1759 - John Wesley described medical usage Important dates in the history of electricity for sciatica, headache, gout, and kidney stones treatment.<ref name="johnson14"/>TENS include:

* 1965 - Melzack 1759: John Wesley described medical usage of electricity for sciatica, headache, gout, and Wall proposed first conceptual model for mechanism which could lead to pain relief. They rationalized that harmful signals may be inhibited by peripheral afferents of large diameterkidney stone treatment.<ref name="johnson14"/>

* 1970s - Developement 1965: Melzack and Wall proposed the first conceptual model for mechanisms that could lead to pain relief. They rationalised that harmful signals may be inhibited by peripheral afferents of TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation)a large diameter.<ref name="johnson14"/>

* 2007 - Johnson and Martinson - Largest meta-analysis 1970s: Development of evidences about three times stronger pain relief than in placeboTENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation).<ref name="johnson14"/>

Important dates of Quell device historyinclude:

* 1996 - 199: Establishment of Neurometrix.<ref name="company-overview"/>

* 2014 - : FDA gives a clearance to release Quell wearable device.<ref name="shipping">NeuroMetrix Begins Shipping Quell Device, June 1, 2015: http://www.fdanews.com/articles/171428 (Retrieved Dec 15, 2015)</ref>

At present, there are no ethical issues known. The purpose of a Quell device is to provide lenitive care (it is also cleared by the FDA). The device may help people from pain that has an unknown cause, and unknown ways of treatment. This can be considered a positive ethical value. Also , no modification of the human body is included involved except of enkephalinsfor the encephalins'stimulation, and : any long-term consequences in for human organism organisms are not known.

The official statement from Neurometrix about side effects is that there are [https://www.quellrelief.com/clinicians none]. Usage is 100% drug-free, and was cleared in 2014 by the FDA.<ref name="shipping"/>No side effects are mentioned. There are some contraindications: patients with cardiac pacemakers or with implanted defibrillators should not use Quell, neither should people with implanted metallic or electronic devices.<ref>Frequently Asked Questions by Clinicians: https://www.quellrelief.com/clinicians, December 15, 2015</ref> Patients are supposed to consult with a doctor before using. Despite the mentioned contraindications, the Quell company says they have customers who have pacemakers and use the device successfully (see picture).[[File:Screenshot003.jpg|thumbnail|Quell's responses to the user's question, whether the device is contraindicative to tachycardia. https://www.facebook.com/quellrelief/?fref=ts, December 1, 2015]] On the other hand no , medication doesn't does not restrict Quell-using.<ref>Quell relief official website, Clinicians: https://www.quellrelief.com/clinicians</ref>

However, there are another other information sources which that discuss TENS technology. For example , they claim, that the TENS method is surely inexpensive and safe, but there are risk risks with using electrodes on damaged skin, or over a malignant area of malignancy,.<ref>Searle, R.D., Bennett M.I., Johnson M.I., Callin S., Radford H., Letter to editor: transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for cancer bone pain. Palliat Med, 2008; 22 : 878 - 9</ref> or it It could trigger a seizure in epileptic patient in case that cases where electrodes will be are put near a patient's head or neck.<ref>Jones, Iain, Johnson Mark I., Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, 2009</ref> Regarding these risks, most Most of them the patients may avoid these risks as Quell is used only on an the upper calf.Nevertheless , we should wait for some new quality scientific trials and longe to show determine if the Quell device brings some currently unknown specific healthy health risks.

Speculatively, it might happen that palliative treatment will only lead only to pain elimination but not causation cure, which could cause some grave injury. Let's us consider, in a case of scoliosis, some physical workout could help to strenghten strengthen the back muscles and thus to stop a back pain. Pacients Patients with any continual continuous body-pain should take in into consideration if there are any ways to cure the cause of their pain first. This discussion is based on some videos and comments of from people using Quell just on for scoliosis.<ref>Quell Wearable Pain Relief For Sciatica Review And Walkthrough, in: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BHI7PSxXbSw, (retrieved 12/8/2015)</ref>

<!-- Describe in detail whether the technology aims to enhance human cognition, i.e. to improve human abilities beyond what is considered normal, and/or if it is also applicable as a form of treatment or therapy, i.e. it can serve to cure patients or restore abilities that do not perform as they would in a healthy person -->The Quell wearable device primarily has primarily therapeutical a therapeutic function. Company The company states it was developed on for the purpose to palliate chronical chronic pain which that basically has origin in these four diseases:

However, diseases or and illnesses are also identified as possible to be treated treatable by TENSincluding: Acute acute postoperative pain, primary dysmenorrhea, labor labour pain (which still remains controversial<ref name="tens">Sluka KA, Walsh D., Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: basic science mechanisms and clinical effectiveness, in: Journal of Pain, 2003, p. 109-121</ref> ), and post-stroke shoulder pain.

Although Quell was not created primarily to enhance cognitive or physical condition conditions in humans, it may have a secondary impact on physical and mental health (e.g. , emotional stability, better memory) due to stress release, better sleep periods, and the ability to be more concentrated if focussed once pain disappears. As a result may be , quality of life may be enhanced generally.