Amazon Echo

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Amazon Echo
Amazon echo shelf.jpg
Category Intelligent Personal Assistants
Developer Amazon.com, Inc
Announced 6 November 2014 [1]
Released Developers: 31 January 2015 [2]
Consumers: 23 June 2015 [3]
Price 180 USD [4]
Operating system Fire OS, Android, and iOS [5]
Controls

buttons, voice, smartphone or tablet [5]

Data available
Risk factor
Not offline
Device
https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Echo-Bluetooth-Speaker-with-WiFi-Alexa/dp/B00X4WHP5E

Amazon Echo[4] is a smart device by Amazon.com, Inc. that is controlled by a variety of voice commands and can function as an intelligent personal assistant.[4] Unlike some other personal assistants as Cortana or Siri, Amazon Echo is not designated for smartphones or computers, but it is a stand-alone device for the household. However, it also contains intelligent personal assistant's software, namely Alexa.[6]

The user can use Amazon services, play music, ask about weather or traffic situation, control other smart devices in the household, review calendar and task, ask about recipes, and other.[7] The abilities of the device can be further expanded by third-party apps called "Skills".[8]

Amazon Echo costs 180 USD[4] and was released on 23 June 2015 for the United States of America[3] and 14 September 2016 in the United Kingdom and Germany.[9] The service is not yet available outside those countries, although some European users report using the device without any problems in the time, it was not available in Europe.[10]

Main Characteristics

Amazon Echo is an approximately 24 cm tall cylindrical device. The power and microphone buttons are on the top of the device. An array of seven microphones is also present here. A small part of the top rotates and can be used to adjust the volume. Almost entire housing of the device contains speakers, the control unit is embedded in the side of the inner tube. The device connects to the Internet via Wi-Fi and cannot work offline. It is not battery-powered and thus needs to be connected to a power outlet.[4]

The user can select from three pre-defined "wake" words the device listens to. It is "Alexa", "Amazon" and "Echo". The wake words could be switched in the app. When the device hears the wake word, it begins listening users demands.[11] After that the device is ready, the user can say a command in plain language. The fact that Amazon Echo is listening is expressed by blue lighting on the top of the device.[6] The query is parsed on the side of the device and sent to Alexa service running on Amazon servers for processing. After the command is processed and relevant information retrieved or action taken, the synthetic voice convey the results to the user. However, Amazon Echo cannot process natural language in a way that more advanced intelligent personal assistants can. Echo only looks for keywords in the voice commands from the users and fails at longer and more complicated sentences.[12]

Amazon Echo is setup by app in FireOS, Android or iOS. After that it could be controlled by voice, app or remote control. It is linked with the devices via Bluetooth. In comparison with other intelligent personal assistants it performs well even in a noisy surrounding due to beam-forming tech, which it includes.[6] Additionally to its personal assistant functions, Amazon Echo can also be used to control other compatible household appliances such as the smart lightbulbs from Philips or Belkin, or the smart WeMo coffee maker.[11]

Echo's abilities can be expanded by using "Skills", third-party plug-ins develop through the Alexa Skills Kit which is freely available to developers since 31 July 2015.[2]

Amazon Smart Home Devices

Amazon announced the device on 6 November 2014.[13][1] In March 2016, Amazon introduced two smaller devices with the same capabilities as Amazon Echo - the Amazon Dot, a device with smaller speaker and Bluetooth, and the Amazon Tap, a smaller, battery-powered version of Echo.[14] Amazon Dots cost 50 USD each. Moreover, in the case that users have more Amazon devices, Dots are smart enough to recognise which device is closest to a user and this will interact with user.[6] Amazon Dot is a standalone device, thus it does not require Amazon Echo to function.[15] Amazon Tap costs 130 USD and is currently shipped only in the United States.[6][16]

Purpose

Amazon Echo is a voice command-driven household device that the user can use to use internet services, search for information, play music, set tasks, and order items from Amazon.com and other involved companies.

Company & People

The Echo was developed by the Amazon Lab126 based in Sunnyvale, California.[17]

  • Jeff Bezos - CEO of Amazon [18]
  • Toni Reid - Director of Product at Amazon.com.[19]
  • Frédéric Deramat - Senior Principal Engineer at Amazon.com.[20]
  • Charlie Kindel - Alexa Smart Home Director.[21]
  • Amir Aslani - Senior Manager Product Management - Alexa Voice Service.[22]
  • Shamitha Somashekar - Principal Product Manager - Speech at Amazon / Alexa / Echo.[23]

Amazon.com, Inc. held a recruiting event in Seattle on February 2016 which shows a big focus on this technology.[24] In December 2016, Amazon still recruiting intensively.[22]

Important Dates

  • 6 November 2014 - Amazon Echo announced.[1]
  • December 2014 - First customers, which are involved in "Amazon Prime", were invited to purchase Amazon Echo.[25]
  • 31 January 2015: Amazon Echo was open for developers.[2]
  • 23 June 2015: Amazon Echo was released for the United States of America.[3][26]
  • 3 March 2016: Amazon Dot and Amazon Tap were released.[27]
  • 14 September 2016: Amazon Echo was released for the United Kingdom and Germany[9]
  • 28 June 2017: Amazon Echo Show will be released.[28]

Enhancement/Therapy/Treatment

The device with the outer shell removed. The motherboard is visible on the right.

One feature of the enhancement which Amazon Echo provides, is the control of smart devices. There are shipped various smart devices from several companies, but Amazon Echo allows to control majority of them by voice. It includes thermostats, lightbulbs, coffee machines or smart switches.[29] With a certain skill and smart device it could even control garage or monitor the movement of user's car. Moreover, it is highly probable, that the list of smart devices which could be control by Amazon Echo will grow. Additionally, Amazon Echo works with IFTTT (if-this-then-that) app.[30] This app allows to create more complex commands as "open the garage when my car enters a drive way" or "read the news headlines every day at 8 a.m."[31] Researcher Amine Ben Khalifa developed the app arxivML which could read to Amazon's user the latest machine learning papers including abstracts, which were published on arxiv.org.[32]

Another enhancing feature of Amazon Echo is, that it can provide various kind of information just after the voice command. It includes the weather forecast, the density of a traffic on the supposed way, the recipe, which its user requires for cooking and more. It could read headlines from the news and it could answers user's questions.[29] In addition, Amazon Echo could be paired with Fitbit and provide information about the user's progress in exercise. It could also spell a word to its users.[33]

Due to implementation of "Skills" Amazon Echo supports also services from third parties. Therefore, it enables user to purchase pizza from Domino's or order a taxi at Uber, just by a voice command. Other skills could turn Amazon Echo to metronome of guitar tuner.[30]

There are also health and exercise skills as 7-minute workout, Pilates or mediation, which could be installed at Amazon Echo.[33] It could serve as a voice notebook, since Amazon Echo is also able to create a TO-DO list, a shopping list or add a remark.[25]

Because of voice control, Amazon Echo is available for elderly and disabled people. The Amazon Echo provides skill "Ask My Buddy", which immediately alarms the pre-selected contact, when the help is needed. This could be helpful for elderly people, who live alone and have an accident.[34] Furthermore, Amazon Echo provides a brand new possibilities for disabled people, especially quadriplegic, and makes them more independent.[35] It could be also easily controlled by visually disabled people.[36]

Ethical & Health Issues

The use of Amazon Echo provides a bulk of users' personal data to Amazon. It could help company to personalised advertisements and offers to each customer, which is an important part of this business. However, this feature of Amazon Echo cannot be removed since it is essential for their service.[37] There have been also privacy concerns. Since the device always listens, there is possibility that it spies in their users' household. The listening of the device could be turned off by the button, however.[38]

Amazon Echo could shop things for its user. It, however, prioritizes Amazon store or stores of partners, which in many cases mean that the user will not use the best bargain for a product. Another issue linked with shopping with Amazon Echo is that it is quite easy. Hugh Langley from Wareables warns that if there are children in the household, the shopping by Amazon Echo should be restricted by passcode, in order to avoid their secret shopping.[39] There have been reported a case when a 6 year's old girl talked with Alexa and accidentally bough a doll house and a pack of cookies.[40]

There is a danger that users of Amazon Echo (as well as other intelligent personal assistants) will prioritise the contact with the device over the social contact. Especially, when the personal assistants tend to be more human-like.[41]

Public & Media Impact and Presentation

Cross-section of the device and control features.

Although the hype around introduction of Amazon Echo was not as big as in the case of other personal assistants, it became popular.[42] Amazon Echo was awarded as a Smart Home Platform of the Year 2016 by Wareable[43] and Wired entitled it "Best Smart Home Essential".[44] The success of Amazon Echo also caused that MIT Technology Review placed Amazon to the first position in their "50 Smartest Companies 2016" list.[45] The reputation of Amazon Echo could be also demonstrated on the fact that it is one of the best-selling devices on Amazon.[46]

Most Amazon Echo's reviews in the journal and news was positive. The reviewers even recommended to buy Amazon Echo.[25][47] Ry Crist and David Carnoy from CNET argue:

For most, I still think it's worth the cost. The Echo is more than a souped-up speaker with Siri-like smarts -- it's the connected home experience you didn't know you wanted.[30]

However, journalists also reported, that life with Amazon Echo is not as easy as seems to be. David Gewirtz explains some queries he had with Amazon Echo and Amazon services in general:

Alexa seems to handle natural language, but that's just a facade. It parses some words well, but drops a lot. It also doesn't make the logical jumps you would expect from a sophisticated system. On the other hand, that could be a case of Amazon's agenda conflicting with natural language science. Here's an example of what I mean. If I ask Alexa to play Preservation Hall Jazz Band (a far more reasonable choice than Coldplay), it responds with the usual "I don't see any songs by Preservation Hall Jazz Band in David's music library," followed again by a hint to go visit the Amazon music store. But if I tell Alexa, "Play Preservation Hall Jazz Band in Pandora," the Pringles can complies. I honestly can't believe that's an example of poor programming, After all, how hard could it be, on failure to find a listing in one music set, to search another linked music account? I have to think that this limitation in Alexa's understanding is because some Amazon product manager somewhere wanted to make it just slightly less convenient to play music from non-Amazon sources.[12]

However, he finishes his paper by the claim that he intends to buy some more Amazon Echo devices.[12]

When the Amazon Echo Dot were realised, journalists point out that they are better bargain than Amazon Echo. Amazon Echo Dot costs significantly less than the original Amazon Echo. It lacks Amazon Echo's sound system, but this is the only difference between these two devices.[30][48]

The positive reviews are prevalent also on Amazon web sites. In December 2016, there majority of customers (67%) evaluated Amazon Echo by 5 stars, while one star gave just 4% of customers. The customer with a nickname "MstrssGrim" reported that Amazon Echo enhance cognitive abilities of their animal member of family:

An additional piece that I didn't expect to gain with the addition of alexa to our home was a friend for my African grey parrot. He has learned to say Alexa and he will watch it respond to him w the light prompt. He has stopped the music and gotten her to say hello to him. This is especially hilarious!! I have include a photo of Gordon the grey with his new friend Alexa :)[49]

Amazon Echo tends to overreact to voice commands. It sometimes react also on commands which were said in TV, as was reported in San Diego. During the reportage about Amazon Echo, the reporter said a command, started with "Alexa..." and devices in the households spectators turned to proceed the command.[50]

Amazon partnered with Warner Bros. They unveiled an adventure game which could be played on Amazon Echo. The plot of the game was based on investigation of murder of Bruce Wayne's (Batman's) parents.[51]

Amazon Echo was advertised by a teaser where starring Alec Baldwin, Dan Marino, Jason Schwartzman, and Missy Elliott at the Super Bowl.[46][52]

Public Policy

We have not recorded any public policy that regards Amazon Echo yet.

Related Technologies, Projects or Scientific Research

It is rumoured that Amazon is currently developing a device similar to Echo, which would have a large screen. It should be unveiled in the first quarter of 2017.[53]

It is also rumoured that the developers of Alexa tried to learn it to understand human emotions, which are expressed in the voice.[42]

Alexa, a voice assistant of Amazon Echo, was integrated also to the C lamp, which was developed by GE lightning.[54] At CES 2017, it was introduced a great deal of products which contains Alexa software, e.g. LG Hub Robot, Lenovo Smart Assistant, Aristotle, LG Smart InstaView Refrigerator, Ubtech Robotics Lynx or Ford cars running the Sync 3 voice platform.[55]

Amazon Echo could controlled many smart devices as Nest, LifX, Philips Hue, Samsung SmartThings, August Smart Lock, Fitbit,[33], Insteon, Belkin WeMo,[11] and Whirpool smart devices.[56] The list might instantly grow.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 WELCH, Chris. Amazon just surprised everyone with a crazy speaker that talks to you. The Verge [online]. 2014, Nov 6. Available online at: http://www.theverge.com/2014/11/6/7167793/amazon-echo-speaker-announced (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Amazon. Alexa Voice Service Now Available in Developer Preview. Amazon [online]. 2015, Jan 31. Available online at: https://developer.amazon.com/public/community/post/Tx2SQ0B11SGLKOI/Alexa-Voice-Service-Now-Available-in-Developer-Preview (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 CALLAHAM, John. Amazon Echo is now available for everyone to buy for $179.99, shipments start on July 14. Android Central [online]. 2015. Jun 23, Available online at: http://www.androidcentral.com/amazon-echo-now-available-everyone-buy-17999-shipments-start-july-14 (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Amazon. Amazon Echo. Amazon [online]. Available online at: http://www.amazon.com/Amazon-SK705DI-Echo/dp/B00X4WHP5E (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Amazon. Technical Details. Amazon [online]. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-Echo-Bluetooth-Speaker-with-WiFi-Alexa/dp/B00X4WHP5E#tech (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 BREWIS, Marie. Complete guide to Amazon Echo: What is Amazon Echo? What is Amazon Dot?. PC Advisor [online]. 2016, Dec 2. Available online at: http://www.pcadvisor.co.uk/new-product/audio/amazon-echo-uk-what-is-amazon-echo-how-can-you-buy-it-update-3584881/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  7. ↑ Amazon. Help & Customer Service. Amazon [online]. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?nodeId=201608460 (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  8. ↑ Amazon. Alexa Skills Kit. Amazon [online]. Available online at: https://developer.amazon.com/appsandservices/solutions/alexa/alexa-skills-kit (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Amazon. Alexa and Amazon Echo Now Available in the UK and Germany. Amazon [online]. 2016, Sep 14. Available online at: https://developer.amazon.com/blogs/post/Tx347QDN551BBTM/Alexa-and-Amazon-Echo-Now-Available-in-the-UK-and-Germany (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  10. ↑ CaixaGordinha. Is there any info about Alexa coming to Europe?. Reddit [online]. 2015. Available online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/amazonecho/comments/3n5enc/is_there_any_info_about_alexa_coming_to_europe/cvlskzi (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 PULLEN, John Patrick. The Ultimate Guide to the Amazon Echo. Time [online]. 2016, Feb 18. Available online at: http://time.com/4227833/amazon-echo-user-guide/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 GEWIRTZ, David. Amazon Echo: It sucks. It's awesome. It sucks. We want two more. ZDNet [online]. 2015, May 21. Available online at: http://www.zdnet.com/article/amazon-echo-it-sucks-its-awesome-it-sucks-we-want-two-more/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  13. ↑ Amazon. Introducing Amazon Echo. Youtube [online]. 2014, Nov 6. Available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkOCeAtKHIc (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  14. ↑ BUHR, Sarah. Amazon adds the $130 Tap and the $90 Dot to the Echo family. TechCrunch [online]. 2016, Mar 3. Available online at: http://techcrunch.com/2016/03/03/amazon-adds-the-130-tap-and-the-90-dot-to-the-echo-family/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  15. ↑ TechFit360. Echo Dot 2 Review - Top 5 Features. Youtube [online]. 2016, Oct 25. Available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QBvAj0Z_9do (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  16. ↑ Amazon. Amazon Tap. Amazon [online]. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01BH83OOM (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  17. ↑ Lab126. Amazon Lab126. Lab126 [online]. Available online at: http://www.lab126.com/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  18. ↑ KNIGHT, Will. Alexa, Talk Some Sense, Will You?. MIT Technology Review [online]. 2016, Sep 29. Available online at: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602517/alexa-talk-some-sense-will-you/ (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  19. ↑ RAO, Leena. Meet the Woman Who Runs Amazon’s Alexa Unit. Fortune [online]. 2016, Oct 25. Available online at: http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/amazon-echo-alexa-artificial-intelligence-toni-reid/ (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  20. ↑ Frédéric Deramat. LinkedIn [online]. Available online at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/deramat (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  21. ↑ Charlie Kindel. LinkedIn [online]. Available online at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ckindel (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Amir Aslani. LinkedIn [online]. Available online at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/amiraslani (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  23. ↑ Shamitha Somashekar. LinkedIn [online]. Available online at: https://www.linkedin.com/in/shamitha?authType=name&authToken=8DRA&trk=prof-sb-browse_map-name (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  24. ↑ SOPER, Taylor. Amazon recruiting heavily for Echo and Alexa engineers, hosts big invite-only event to find talent. GeekWire [online]. 2016, Feb 19. Available online at: http://www.geekwire.com/2016/amazon-ramps-up-recruiting-efforts-for-engineers/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 HIGGINBOTHAM, Stacey. You should probably buy the Amazon Echo. Fortune [online]. 2015, Jun 25. Available online at: http://fortune.com/2015/06/23/amazon-echo-review/ (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  26. ↑ Amazon. Amazon Echo Now Available to All Customers. Available online at: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2061798 (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  27. ↑ Amazon. Amazon Introduces Echo Dot and Amazon Tap, Two New Alexa-Enabled Devices. Available online at: http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=2143663 (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  28. ↑ Amazon. Introducing Echo Show - Black. Amazon [online]. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B01J24C0TI (Retrieved 15th May, 2017).
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 CRIST, Ry. Amazon Alexa: Device compatibility, how-tos and much more. CNET [online]. 2016, Apr 8. Available online at: https://www.cnet.com/how-to/amazon-alexa-device-compatibility-how-tos-and-much-more/ (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 CRIST, Ry and CARNOY, David. Amazon Echo review. CNET [online]. 2016, Feb 15. Available online at: https://www.cnet.com/products/amazon-echo-review/2/ (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  31. ↑ IFTTT. IFTTT [online]. Available online at: https://www.ifttt.com/(Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  32. ↑ DENT, Steve. Alexa gets meta, finds you the latest AI research. Engadget [online]. 2017, Jan 19. Available online at: https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/19/alexa-gets-meta-finds-you-the-latest-ai-research/ (Retrieved 20th January, 2017).
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 PRASUETHSUT, Lily and LANGLEY, Hugh. The best Amazon Echo skills for your smart home. Wareable [online]. 2016, Oct 31. Available online at: http://www.wareable.com/smart-home/best-amazon-echo-skills (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  34. ↑ Alex S. Already very practical for overcoming disability issues. Amazon [online]. 2015, Jun 19. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/review/RTRDKUJDZCO4B/ref=cm_cr_dp_title?ie=UTF8&ASIN=B00X4WHP5E&channel=detail-glance&nodeID=9818047011&store=amazon-home&tag (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  35. ↑ Patrickometry. Alexa is a Revolution for my Disabled Family Member. Amazon [online]. 2015, Sep 6. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-SK705DI-Echo/product-reviews/B00X4WHP5E (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  36. ↑ KENIN, Sean. A life changing device for a boy who is blind. Amazon [online]. 2015, Jul 29. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-SK705DI-Echo/product-reviews/B00X4WHP5E (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  37. ↑ SIMONITE, Tom. How Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant Will Make Money Off You. MIT Technology Review [online]. 2016, May 31. Available online at: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601583/how-alexa-siri-and-google-assistant-will-make-money-off-you/ (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  38. ↑ BHARTIYA, Swapnil. Amazon Echo vs. Google Home: The choice is obvious. CIO [online]. 2016, Nov 22. Available online at: http://www.cio.com/article/3143137/open-source-tools/amazon-echo-vs-google-home-the-choice-is-obvious.html (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  39. ↑ LANGLEY, Hugh. I spent a week living in Amazon's home shopping bubble. Wareable [online]. 2016, Dec 8. Available online at: https://www.wareable.com/amazon/a-week-living-in-amazon-ecosystem-connected-home-3618 (Retrieved 21st December, 2016).
  40. ↑ WILLIAMS, Grace. 6-year-old accidentally orders high-end treats with Amazon's Alexa. FoxNews.com [online]. 2017, Jan 03. Available online at: http://www.foxnews.com/tech/2017/01/03/6-year-old-accidentally-orders-high-end-treats-with-amazons-alexa.html (Retrieved 18th January, 2017).
  41. ↑ JONES, Rhett. Virtual Assistant Lets You Imprison Your Anime Girlfriend and Feel Loved. Gizmodo [online]. 2016, Dec 17. Available online at: http://gizmodo.com/virtual-assistant-lets-you-imprison-your-anime-girlfrie-1790234598 (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 KNIGHT, Will. Amazon Working on Making Alexa Recognize Your Emotions. MIT Technology Review [online]. 2016, June 13. Available online at: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/601654/amazon-working-on-making-alexa-recognize-your-emotions/ (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  43. ↑ CHARARA, Sophie. Wareable Tech Awards 2016: All the winners revealed. Wareable [online]. 2016, Oct 27. Available online at: http://www.wareable.com/awards/wareable-tech-awards-2016-winners (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  44. ↑ Wired staff. Best Smart Home Essential: Amazon Echo. Wired [online]. 2016, Dec 7. Available online at: https://www.wired.com/2016/12/best-smart-home-essential-amazon-echo/(Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  45. ↑ 50 Smartest Companies 2016. MIT Technology Review [online]. Available online at: https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/companies/2016/#amazon (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  46. ↑ 46.0 46.1 FROMMER, Dan. Amazon Echo is a sleeper hit, and the rest of America is about to find out about it for the first time. Quartz [online]. 2016, Feb 6. Available online at: http://qz.com/611026/amazon-echo-is-a-sleeper-hit-and-the-rest-of-america-is-about-find-out-about-it-for-the-first-time/ (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  47. ↑ KENDRICK, James. How to use the Amazon Echo and why you should get one. ZDNET [online]. 2016, Feb 9. Available online at: http://www.zdnet.com/article/how-to-use-the-amazon-echo-and-why-you-should-get-one/ (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  48. ↑ LANGLEY, Hugh. Amazon Echo Dot review. Wareable [online]. 2016, Oct 22. Available online at: https://www.wareable.com/amazon/amazon-echo-dot-review/ (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016.)
  49. ↑ MstrssGrim. Better than I imagined!!! Amazon [online]. 2016, July 30. Available online at: https://www.amazon.com/Amazon-SK705DI-Echo/product-reviews/B00X4WHP5E/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_viewpnt_lft?filterByStar=positive&pageNumber=1
  50. ↑ CORREA, Carlos. News anchor sets off Amazon Alexa device in San Diego. Youtube [online]. 2017, Jan 6. Available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oI2KLIULjXc (Retrieved 18th January, 2017).
  51. ↑ ROETTGERS, Janko. Amazon Echo Now Lets You Investigate the Murder of Bruce Wayne’s Parents (Exclusive). Variety [online]. 2016, Mar 1. Available online at: http://variety.com/2016/digital/news/amazon-echo-alexa-batman-vs-superman-promotion-1201718896/ (Retrieved 18th January, 2017).
  52. ↑ Amazon. Amazon Echo: #BaldwinBowl Party feat Alec Baldwin, Dan Marino, Jason Schwartzman, & Missy Elliott. Youtube [online]. 2016, Feb 7. Available online at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTz5jAn-XX8 (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016.)
  53. ↑ GURMAN, Mark. Amazon Plans Premium Alexa Speaker With Large Screen. Bloomberg [online]. 2016, Nov 29. Available online at: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-29/amazon-said-to-plan-premium-alexa-speaker-with-large-screen (Retrieved 20th December, 2016).
  54. ↑ PIERCE, David. This Funky New Lamp Looks Like Tron And Talks Like Alexa. Wired [online]. 2016, Dec 7. Available online at: https://www.wired.com/2016/12/funky-new-lamp-looks-like-tron-talks-like-alexa/ (Retrieved 22nd December, 2016).
  55. ↑ CRIST, Ry. Here are all of the new Alexa devices and skills of CES. CNET [online]. 2017, Jan 7. Available online at: https://www.cnet.com/news/whats-alexa-up-to-at-ces-heres-a-running-list-ces-2017/ (Retrieved 12th January, 2017).
  56. ↑ DALTON, Andrew. Whirlpool brings Alexa to its next generation of appliances. Engadget [online]. 2017, Jan 4. Available online at: https://www.engadget.com/2017/01/03/whirlpool-brings-alexa-to-its-next-generation-of-appliances/(Retrieved 4th January, 2017).
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